The Economic Impacts of Pax Romana - 731 Words

Determining the Economic Impacts of Pax Romana Determining the Economic Impacts of Pax Romana Pax Romana is Latin for Roman peace. The Pax Romana lasted approaching two centuries beginning toward the end of the BC period and extending almost halfway into the second century AD. For the Roman Empire, this was a period of peace and saw little military action or expansion. Caesar Augustus, previously known as Julius Caesar commenced the Pax Romana after Rome was no longer considered a republic and the civil wars within Rome ceased. Yet another event that marks the commencement of Pax Romana was the defeat of Marc Antony by Octavian Augustus at the famous battle of Actium. The Pax Romana, like any form of social change, was not immediate, but a feat that was accomplished over time. While there may have been peace in Rome, battles continued in the Alps and areas that are now known as Spain. There were many benefits to the Pax Romana and the paper puts focus on those, which are economic. The paper also references Plutarch, a prominent figure during this period, indicating a relation ship between the Pax Romana and social mobility. Plutarch, ethnically Greek, had a Latin name of Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus. By the time he was born, approximately midway through the first century AD, the Pax Romana existed for several decades. He was born in Greece, in a prominent town not far from the famous city of Delphi, known in Greek history for the famous oracles. Plutarch had many occupationsShow MoreRelatedThe Greatest Accomplishments of the Pax Romana?1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pax Romana A golden age is a period of cultural accomplishments brought on by economic prosperity and relative peace. The Roman empire experienced a golden age after the fall of the Roman Republic, arguably one of the greatest golden ages in history. The Pax Romana began in 27 B.C. and it reigned for 200 years before falling. The Pax Romana was a time of great prosperity with many accomplishments. The Pax Romana was not only significant because of the amount of wealth and power it wieldedRead MoreAlexander, Han Dynasty, Roman Empire, Hinduism, Islam1179 Words   |  5 Pages1 Zoom    Analyze the impact of Alexander’s conquest on the Afro-Eurasian world. How did his military pursuits, and those of his successors, bring together various worlds? Zoom -middle-east to goods of Mediterranean, money based economy, and greek ideas -plunder made economic expansion in med. -Selecus, Ptolemy, Antigonus, Lysimachus, and others divided empire -syria(selucids), Macedonia(Antigonids), Egypt(Ptolemies) -fierce competition through international relations          Hide InsertRead MoreWashington Vs. Roman Empire1648 Words   |  7 PagesSan Francisco, sixty-two days later, he understood that America needed what Rome had possessed, a network of good public roads. When he became president, he created the interstate highway system.† (13). Therefore, Rome’s advancements during the Pax Romana, otherwise known as Rome’s golden age, enabled individuals in Washington to develop upon their ideas in order to benefit society. Furthermore, Romes annona, which was their form of tax revenue, caused Washington to produce their individual versionRead MoreAncient Roman Civilization And Modern Times936 Words   |  4 Pages there are numerous modern cultural influences that are readily seen in everything from popular culture with extensive gladiator movies to the architecture of the nation’s capital building (James, 2008). However, the most important and enduring impacts that the Ancient Roman civilization had on modern times were from R ome’s economy and law. First, it is important to describe why the Ancient Roman economy was significant, why it worked, and how the Ancient Roman economy continues to influence theRead MoreAnalytical Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesto accomplish this task, it took only 100 years for it to fall. During those 100 years, Rome would be plagued with economic turmoil, inner betrayal, social issues, and a diminishing military. When Marcus Aurelius died in A.D. 180, the Empire was politically stable economically prosperous, and militarily secure, (Perry, 2009). The class presentation stated that after the Pax Romana was ended, the deterioration of Rome’s army was the start of the fall of Rome. This allowed for the Germanic tribesRead MoreImpact Of The Transition From The Republic Of Empire1083 Words   |  5 PagesManuel Osorio Mr. Luke Leonard HUM 2220 15 April 2016 Rome: Impact of the transition from Republic to Empire. While researching texts written about the Republic Rome and Empire Rome, I found very interesting things to talk about. However, my goal in this essay is to bring the sources that I have to explain and discuss the impact of the transition from the Republican Rome to Imperial Rome upon the development of Government using as a primary source of visual art the Ara Pacis Augustae or Altar ofRead MoreThe Economic Activity Of The Early Roman State1616 Words   |  7 Pages1) The essential economic activity in the early Roman state was agriculture. The type of influence agriculture had on the social classes, is that the majority of the Romans were independent farmers who farmed on their own, small plot of land. Also the land owned by people, determined their wealth as well. Having their own plot of land, helped the families to provide food for their members to survive. 2) The events in early Roman history that caused Romans to be anti-dictators and pro-Senate, wasRead MoreThe Roman And Roman History1542 Words   |  7 PagesEmperor Augustus ruled over a period that is known as the Roman Peace (Pax Romana), from his reign in 27 B.C to his death in 14 A.D. In Virgil’s character Anchises (As seen above), Augustus is portrayed to have brought to fruition a golden age in Roman history. His ability to turn Rome from the ravages of civil war into a prosperous empire was accomplished through the harnessing of his exceptional administrative powers. Emphasis placed on religious reinvigoration and social reform helped forge aRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay examples1385 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome what it was at its height. It all started with the Punic wars. After they won, there was no stopping them. By the first century BC, Rome controlled most of the known world. (Mahoney, 2001) With Augustus Caesar began the two centuries of the Pax Romana. During this time all of Rome became a collection of states rather than conquered provinces. The only threats that ever came were from the unorganized barbarian tribes whos conquest brought nothing to the Empire. (Mahoney, 2001) The rise of theRead More Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesstability and launched two centuries of prosperity called the Pax Romana (Roman Peace). The empire lasted for another 500 years until AD 476. During the first two centuries AD the empire flourished and added new territories, notably ancient Britain, Arabia, and Dacia (present-day Romania). People from the Roman provinces came to Rome, where they became soldiers, bureaucrats, senators, and even emperors. Rome developed into the social, economic, and cultural capital of the Mediterranean world. Despite

Drugs And Its Effects On America - 1374 Words

Drugs are a major issue in America. They are imported from all around the world, but they are mostly brought across the Mexican border. Even though they are a major concern, nobody is doing anything about it. In the year 2015 nearly 47,000 have died from an overdose. Why is this epidemic of drugs being flown into America being ignored? Is the election between Hilary and Trump for the presidency a bigger picture than drugs and drug related crime? Will Trump’s idea of building a wall actually help decrease illegal immigration, and decrease the amount of narcotics brought into the U.S? Drugs coming from Mexico have also been an issue and we have continuously reduced the amount of drugs from being smuggled into the United states, but not all of them. Drugs are obviously a big issue in America, even if it is being overlooked. Not only are the Drugs killing people but the fight over them is also creating crime. People on the streets have been fighting over drugs for as long as the y have been here. They’re not only fighting over the drugs but they re also killing for them. Why do we allow for such damage to occur in the U.S. when it can be stopped? There is one solution for this drastic issue, legalize the drugs. If a whole percentage is being controlled and distributed by the government, people will not fight over them which will lead to lower rates of crime. Alternatively, a good way to lower overdoses is to put a tax on them. Charge an extra tax, for example cigarettes,taxShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On America1350 Words   |  6 PagesDrug abuse in America is evidently a huge problem, yet remains to be misunderstood by many people. Elizabeth Foy Larsen writes a strong, informative article about a young woman named Brittany who has fallen to drug abuse. Brittany was a drug free, well rounded student with great potential just like many other young adults in America. However, one occasion flipped her life completely upside down. She had gotten her wisdom teeth removed and received prescription medication to reduce her pain. She soonRead MoreDrug Trafficking And Its Effects On America1600 Words   |  7 Pages In a country of struggling economies, many have viewed the drug trade as one South American’ s most successful businesses. Latin America s drug trafficking industry has been depicted in United States popular culture through motion pictures such as Scarface and Traffic. The purpose of my research is to take away society’s perception of what Hollywood has depicted drug trade to be and bring out what narcotics trafficking really is, as well as trying to coincide with the motivations of those peopleRead MoreDrug Use And Its Effects On America Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs have been used throughout the world for thousands of years, whereas drug use has existed here in the U.S for a little over a hundred years. Regardless of the time of existance or when and why they were created, drug use is and has always been a major problem throughout our society. From the opium addicts of the late 1800s (The Drug Policy Alliance, 2016), the Rock and Roll heroine addicts of the 1 960s and 70s, to the creation of a more affordable cocaine-like drug called crack in the 1980Read MoreDrug Usage And Its Effects On America1326 Words   |  6 PagesDrug usage has a major impact on America. If drugs were to be legalized, drugs would change the way we live in America. Drugs have been a problem to America’s society and the environment only because people use them for unhealthy reasons. Doing so can cause lung cancer, hair loss, rotten teeth and many more side effects. But if people start using drugs for the better of self and their environment, drugs can be used as medicine, to lower crime rates, and to stop the drug black market. As drugs haveRead MoreDrug Trafficking And Its Effects On America1137 Words   |  5 Pages Drug trafficking has turned into one of the important and complex world issue today. Drug trafficking is the act of selling producing and transporting drugs that are illegal this can be seen in small or large scale operations. Today s drug market is huge and most of the drug related business takes place mostly between Mexico and the U.S. This paper will explore how the Mexican cartels cause crime in order to gain money, induce fear upon the population, and gain power in Mexico. From the yearRead MoreDrug Smuggling And Its Effects On America1694 Words   |  7 PagesThey engage in drug smuggling to carter for their needs. In addition, the viscous cycle of poverty in some societies has led to large number of people engaging in drug smuggling. Education is always viewed as a major factor in eliminating poverty. However, in some communities, high levels of poverty leads to school dropouts. These individuals who have dropped out of school easily indulge in drug smuggling since it is on e of the activities that can earn them a living and requires little or no educationalRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On America1065 Words   |  5 Pagesdeclared drug abuse public enemy number one, initiating an unprecedented global campaign, the War on Drugs. Today, the War on Drugs is a huge failure, with devastating unintended consequences. It led to corruption, violence, and mass incarceration. It negatively affected the lives of millions of people. All of this while we waste billions of dollars every year only to create and fuel powerful drug cartels. This global conflict has to end. The core strategy of the War on Drugs is to eradicate drugs andRead MoreDrug Trafficking And Its Effects On America1261 Words   |  6 Pagesissues that threatens to destroy humanity. Drug trafficking has become the king of these issues, with the other issues slowly branching off as subjects to serve their king. Currently, Mexican drug cartels dominate the wholesale illicit drug market, earning $13.4 to $49.4 billion annually. Since this investment is extremely large, it has become an exhausting challenge to try to destroy the drug trafficking as it threatens to hurt innocents. As the danger of drugs drifts in the streets of Mexico, so doesRead MoreDrug Trafficking And Its Effects On America964 Words   |  4 Pages In regard to Latin America, this area is a crucial geographical zone for drug trafficking and production. Due to the location, the drug trade has found its perfect home, vast mountains and forests enable huge farms to produce and ship drugs to any region they want. Whether it is Colombia, Peru or one of the many countries found to be in this vast collection of drug trafficking, it is apparent that they all share similar geographies that allow the trade to continue. As a result of this, countriesRead MoreDrug Decriminalization And Its Effects On America1543 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Decriminalization in America There are many major factors at one point time in society, the most controversial is drug decriminalization. When the topic of drug or drug related discussion arises, many individuals would choose to ignore the topic entirely. Why not approach the topic head on? Attack the issue at its roots and refuse to give up until proven wrong. Drug decriminalization is a topic that needs to be brought to the front of discussion with politics and legislation. State and federal

Favorite Place Orlando Florida Free Essays

Orlando, Florida The best place for vacation Orlando, Florida. Orlando is one of the most busy tourist locations in Florida, maybe even busier than the Miami beaches. This is because Orlando has many locations for all kinds of people, whether they are children, or adults. We will write a custom essay sample on Favorite Place Orlando Florida or any similar topic only for you Order Now Orlando has many theme parks located on its famous strip, including Disneyworld, Wet n’ Wild, Universal Studios, Ripley’s Believe it or Not House. Sea World, and a host of other tourist locations. And out of all these places, the most interesting place to be at is Disneyworld. Many people think that Disneyworld is a place for children. This cannot be farther from the truth. Even though Disneyworld is designed for children and families, many adults can have a fun time there. Disneyworld is one of the biggest and most visited amusement parks in the world. The disneyworld in Orlando is also known as The Magic Kingdom and this is the best name for the place. Once you enter Disneyworld, you do enter into a magic kingdom. It is of no surprise that many adults have found Disneyworld to be an extremely entertaining. Even though most of the rides are meant for the children, the adults can take pleasure in being inside an architectural piece of wonderland. The Magic Kingdom is divided into many areas, and one of the most prominent, the area that comes in as soon as you enter the Magic Kingdom is the Main Street, usa. This street is made up of various architectural styles from the various states of usa, with much of the style being influence by Missouri and New England. The buildings on Main Street are built in such a way that they seem to be bigger than they actually are; the second story is smaller than the first, and the third smaller than the second is, giving the buildings a larger-than-life image. At the end of the Main Street is Cinderella’s Castle, which is the trademark of the magic k ingdom. You really have to see it to appreciate its magical realm. The rest of the area is divided into different lands, such as the Frontier Land, the Adventure Land, the Land of Tomorrow, Liberty Square, and Fantasy Land. Adventureland is a paradise for children and a treat for the adults. It is made up of various foreign lands that represent the jungles of Africa, Asia, and South America. A make-belief Caribbean town square has also been built into this area to give a tropical feel to the area. This area has rides such as the Pirates of the Caribbean, Swiss Family Robinson Treehouse, and the Jungle. Cruise. Frontierland has been built in the place of the Wild West and the Rivers of America. This place has the looks of Rocky Mountains and railroads as it hosts rides such as the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad, Splash Mountain, and Tom Sawyer Island. Another area that is more popular for the children is Fantasyland. This is a colorful array of architecture that works together to represent the fantasyland of the children’s minds. Includes rides such as Dumbo the Flying Elephant, Snow White’s Scary Adventures, Cinderella’s Golden Carrousel, and Mad Tea Party. Even though most of the rides and entertainment present inside the Magic Kingdom is meant for the kids, this does not mean that adults cannot enjoy them. The Magic Kingdom offers many packages and incentives for young couples to visit and there are more than a few freshly married people who have visited the Magic Kingdom for their honeymoon. Overall, the Magic Kingdom in Disneyworld, Orlando, Florida is a place for people of all ages and for all nationalities. It is a place one must visit at least once in their lifetime. How to cite Favorite Place Orlando Florida, Papers

The Sperm and the Egg free essay sample

The Sperm and the Egg During conception, many marvelous processes occur that most people are unaware of. Penetration and orgasm are the common factors of sexual intercourse, but there is much more that goes on. Males produce sperm that battle each other to fuse with the egg, which is produced by females. When these components combine, they create a new being, but the process to get to this point is quite amazing. The Sperm and the Egg The process of conception can sometimes be difficult to understand because a lot more happens than two people having sex and conceiving a baby. In fact for one lucky sperm, it is an incredible journey of competition and resiliency. Each sperm and egg is competing against roughly 500 million others, which makes the meeting of the final two an amazing accomplishment. To describe the gathering of these two lucky ones and make it more comfortable to learn and understand, the sperm and egg will be given personalities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sperm and the Egg or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, we have the story of Stan the sperm and Eva the egg and their miraculous meeting which results in the beginning of a new life. Stan the sperm starts his life in the testes, which sit inside the scrotal sac. Inside the testes, he resides in the seminiferous tubules. This is where he begins life while growing and maturing for roughly two months. From here he relocates to the epididymis where he waits before being shot through the urethra. When he enters the urethra, he is now located in a canal inside of the penis. Inside the urethra of the penis, he is combined with secretions of the prostate gland, which guide him on his voyage towards Eva the egg. First, Stan and the secretions from the prostate gland are discharged with incredible pressure through contractions created by pelvic muscles, known as ejaculation. The seminal vesicles produce a sugary fluid which follows Stan and the secretions. This is the final time that Stan will be inside of the male body because he is exiting the penis and entering the vagina, which is where the fertilization will begin. The female body has to do her part to allow fertilization to occur. From the beginning, Eva has roughly a one in 500 million chance of being fertilized. Now, Eva is a very desirable object and she is surrounded by millions of cells that provide protection as well as nourishment for her voyage. While this is happening, the fallopian tubes have been given the go ahead to capture Eva. Projectors inside the fallopian tubes were able to retrieve Eva, whom is still accompanied by thousands of nutritious cells. Inside the fallopian tubes, Eva is safe and she will remain here until she has prepared herself for her meeting with Stan. Fertilization will occur inside the fallopian tubes. At the furthest end of the vagina, the cervix, Stan the sperm has been shot against the opening through ejaculation. Stan will travel several inches towards the fallopian tube, but this journey could take several hours. During his journey, Stan the sperm begins to change due to substances in the cervix, uterus and the fallopian tubes. Stan is now capable of fertilizing Eva the egg. Eva has undergone ovulation and is waiting for Stan to arrive. Stan the sperm is deemed alpha and has reached a level of dominance which makes his journey much shorter than others. This process can take anywhere from several minutes to a few hours, but like I said, Stan is much more dominant than others and carries a lot of energy called mitochondria. The mitochondrion pushes him toward Eva along with several hundred others. Eva the egg begins to rotate from the drilling and tail beating of Stan and the others. Eva is still surrounded by nutritious cells so it essential that Stan battles through them. Stan releases enzymes when his acrosome disappears. These enzymes allow him to break Eva’s wall down so that he can enter through. At this point, many of Stan’s competitors have fallen short of their goal and are no longer able to battle. Several sperm are able to attempting to break through Eva’s wall, but Stan again is the dominant sperm and is able to penetrate her inner cell plasma. When this happens, Eva shuts down and does not allow any of the other competitors to enter her, no matter how close they were to penetrating. Stan has made it farther than any of the other 500 million sperm that set out with the same goal. After a long journey Stan the sperm and Eva the egg unite. However, Stan still has some work to do until breaks through to Eva’s inner cell. In a drill like manor, Stan uses his tail to rotate himself. Stan now has penetrated his head through the ovum wall and is on his way to the interior membrane of the cell. Stan’s head has busted through Eva’s plasma. He is also on his way his way to the Eva’s nucleus which stores her genetic material. Next, the fusion of their nuclei occurs which instantly form hereditary characteristics of the new being. This has completed the journey of Stan the sperm to Eva the egg and results in conception of a new individual.

Biography of Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese Explorer

Biography of Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese Explorer Ferdinand Magellan (February 3, 1480–April 27, 1521), a Portuguese explorer, set sail in September 1519 with a fleet of five Spanish ships in an attempt to find the Spice Islands by heading west. Although Magellan died during the journey, he is credited with the first circumnavigation of the Earth. Fast Facts: Ferdinand Magellan Known For: Portuguese explorer credited with circumnavigating the EarthAlso Known As: Fernando de MagallanesBorn: February 3, 1480 in Sabrosa,  PortugalParents: Magalhaes and Alda de Mesquita (m. 1517–1521)Died: April 27, 1521 in the Kingdom of  Mactan (now  Lapu-Lapu City,  Philippines)Awards and Honors: The Order of Magellan was established in 1902 to honor those who have circumnavigated the Earth.Spouse: Marà ­a Caldera Beatriz BarbosaChildren: Rodrigo de Magalhes, Carlos de MagalhesNotable Quote: â€Å"The church says the earth is flat; but I have seen its shadow on the moon, and I have more confidence even in a shadow than in the church.† Early Years and Voyages Ferdinand Magellan was born in 1480 in Sabrosa, Portugal, to Rui de Magalhaes and Alda de Mesquita. Because his family had ties to the royal family, Magellan became a page to the Portuguese queen after his parents untimely deaths in 1490. This position as a page allowed Magellan the opportunity to become educated and learn about the various Portuguese exploration expeditions- possibly even those conducted by Christopher Columbus. Magellan took part in his first sea voyage in 1505 when Portugal sent him to India to help install Francisco de Almeida as the Portuguese viceroy. He also experienced his first battle there in 1509 when one of the local kings rejected the practice of paying tribute to the new viceroy. From here, however, Magellan lost the viceroy Almeidas support after he took leave without permission and was accused of illegally trading with the Moors. After some of the accusations were proven to be true, Magellan lost all offers of employment from the Portuguese after 1514. The Spanish and the Spice Islands Around this same time, the Spanish were engaged in trying to find a new route to the Spice Islands (the East Indies, in present-day Indonesia) after the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the world in half in 1494. The dividing line for this treaty went through the Atlantic Ocean and Spain got the lands west of the line, including the Americas. Brazil, however, went to Portugal as did everything east of the line, including India and the eastern half of Africa. Similar to his predecessor Columbus, Magellan believed that the Spice Islands could be reached by sailing west through the New World. He proposed this idea to Manuel I, the Portuguese king, but was rejected. Looking for support, Magellan moved on to share his plan with the Spanish king. On March 22, 1518, Charles I was persuaded by Magellan and granted him a large sum of money to find a route to the Spice Islands by sailing west, thereby giving Spain control of the area, since it would in effect be west of the dividing line through the Atlantic. Using these generous funds, Magellan set sail going west toward the Spice Islands in September 1519 with five ships (the Conception, the San Antonio, the Santiago, the Trinidad, and the Victoria) and 270 men. The Early Portion of the Voyage Since Magellan was a Portuguese explorer in charge of a Spanish fleet, the early part of the voyage to the west was riddled with problems. Several of the Spanish captains on the ships in the expedition plotted to kill him, but none of their plans succeeded. Many of these mutineers were held prisoner and/or executed. In addition, Magellan had to avoid Portuguese territory since he was sailing for Spain. After months of sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, the fleet anchored at what is today Rio de Janeiro to restock its supplies on December 13, 1519. From there, they moved down the coast of South America looking for a way into the Pacific. As they sailed farther south, however, the weather got worse, so the crew anchored in Patagonia (southern South America) to wait out the winter. As the weather began to ease in the spring, Magellan sent the Santiago on a mission to look for a way through to the Pacific Ocean. In May, the ship was wrecked and the fleet did not move again until August 1520. Then, after months of exploring the area, the remaining four ships found a strait in October and sailed through it. This portion of the journey took 38 days, cost them the San Antonio (because its crew decided to abandon the expedition) and a large amount of supplies. Nevertheless, at the end of November, the remaining three ships exited what Magellan named the Strait of All Saints and sailed into the Pacific Ocean. Later Voyage and Death From here, Magellan mistakenly thought it would only take a few days to reach the Spice Islands, when it instead took four months, during which time his crew suffered immensely. They began to starve as their food supplies were depleted, their water turned putrid, and many of the men developed scurvy. The crew was able to stop at a nearby island in January 1521 to eat fish and seabirds, but their supplies were not adequately restocked until March when they stopped in Guam. On March 28, they landed in the Philippines and befriended a tribal king, Rajah Humabon of Cebu Island. After spending time with the king, Magellan and his crew were persuaded into helping the tribe kill their enemy Lapu-Lapu on Mactan Island. On April 27, 1521, Magellan took part in the Battle of Mactan and was killed by Lapu-Lapus army. After Magellans death, Sebastian del Cano had the Conception burned (so it could not be used against them by the locals) and took over the two remaining ships and 117 crewmembers. To ensure that one ship would make it back to Spain, the Trinidad headed east while the Victoria continued west. The Trinidad was seized by the Portuguese on its return journey, but on September 6, 1522, the Victoria and only 18 surviving crew members returned to Spain, completing the first circumnavigation of the Earth. Legacy Though Magellan died before the voyage was completed, he is often credited with the first circumnavigation of the Earth as he initially led the voyage. He also discovered what is now called the Strait of Magellan and named both the Pacific Ocean and South Americas Tierra del Fuego. Magellanic Clouds in space were also named for him, as his crew was the first to view them while sailing in the Southern Hemisphere. Most important to geography though, was Magellan’s realization of the full extent of the Earth- something that significantly aided to the development of later geographic exploration and the resulting knowledge of the world today. Sources Editors, History.com. â€Å"Ferdinand Magellan.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 29 Oct. 2009.â€Å"The Ages of Exploration.†Ã‚  Exploration.marinersmuseum.org.Burgan, Michael.  Magellan: Ferdinand Magellan and the First Trip Around the World. Mankato: Capstone Publishers, 2001.

Pteranodon Facts and Figures

Pteranodon Facts and Figures Despite what many people think, there wasnt a single species of pterosaur called a pterodactyl. The pterodactyloids were actually a large suborder of avian reptiles that included such creatures as Pteranodon, Pterodactylus and the truly enormous Quetzalcoatlus, the largest winged animal in earths history; pterodactyloids were anatomically different from the earlier, smaller rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs that dominated the Jurassic period. Wingspan of Close to 20 Feet Still, if theres one specific pterosaur that folks have in mind when they say pterodactyl, its Pteranodon. This large, late Cretaceous pterosaur attained wingspans of close to 20 feet, though its wings were made of skin rather than feathers; its other vaguely birdlike characteristics included (possibly) webbed feet and a toothless beak. Weirdly, the prominent, foot-long crest of Pteranodon males was actually part of its skulland may have functioned as a combination rudder and mating display. Pteranodon was only distantly related to prehistoric birds, which evolved not from pterosaurs but from small, feathered dinosaurs. Primarily a Glider Paleontologists arent certain exactly how, or how often, Pteranodon moved through the air. Most researchers believe this pterosaur was primarily a glider, though its not inconceivable that it actively flapped its wings every now and then, and the prominent crest on top of its head may (or may not) have helped stabilize it during flight. Theres also the distant possibility that Pteranodon took to the air only rarely, instead of spending most of its time stalking the ground on two feet, like the contemporary raptors and tyrannosaurs of its late Cretaceous North American habitat. Males Were Much Bigger Than Females There is only one valid species of Pteranodon, P. longiceps, the males of which were much bigger than the females (this sexual dimorphism may help to account for some of the early confusion about the number of Pteranodon species). We can tell that the smaller specimens are female because of their wide pelvic canals, a clear adaption for laying eggs, while the males had much bigger and more prominent crests, as well as larger wingspans of 18 feet (compared to about 12 feet for females). The Bone Wars Amusingly, Pteranodon figured prominently in the Bone Wars, the late 19th-century feud between the eminent American paleontologists Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope. Marsh had the honor of excavating the first undisputed Pteranodon fossil, in Kansas in 1870, but Cope followed soon afterward with discoveries in the same locality. The problem is, Marsh initially classified his Pteranodon specimen as a species of Pterodactylus, while Cope erected the new genus Ornithochirus, accidentally leaving out an all-important e (clearly, he had meant to lump his finds in with the already-named Ornithocheirus). By the time the dust had (literally) settled, Marsh emerged as the winner, and when he corrected his error vis-a-vis Pterodactylus, his new name Pteranodon was the one that stuck in the official pterosaur record books. Name: Pteranodon (Greek for toothless wing); pronounced teh-RAN-oh-don; often called the pterodactylHabitat: Shores of North AmericaHistorical Period: Late Cretaceous (85-75 million years ago)Size and Weight: Wingspan of 18 feet and 20-30 poundsDiet: FishDistinguishing Characteristics: Large wingspan; prominent crest on males; lack of teeth

Employment and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employment and Society - Essay Example All these factors have a profound influence on the organizational performance of a person; it also affects the psychological contract that a person makes with their employer based on mutual understanding and relationship in a negative manner. An impact on performance and mutual contract can create feelings of alienation and job insecurity as well. These feelings can further augment the stress. A huge responsibility lies on the shoulder of the individual to fight stress so they he/she is able to give the optimum level of efficiency, fulfill the psychological contract as well as fulfilling the family duties (Carole, 2003). There are a number of ways through which these feelings of stress can be curbed; it is the responsibility of the organization as well the individual; the organization can organize stress management seminars and conferences whereas the individual can use stress management techniques as a personal initiative. The duty of care needs to be fulfilled so that they are not called negligent from their responsibilities and become an active member of the corporate as well as the social society. Flexibility while working is of high importance as people from all walks of life need some elasticity towards their work life, timings and atmosphere. For example, for a single mother of two, work time flexibility would mean a peace of mind where she would be able to reach to her kids between normal work times; this will lead to better efficiency on her part as her worries will be less. Therefore, Flexibility is considered one of the biggest attributes that can attract labor towards one’s organization (Kathleen, 2010). Flexibility helps to achieve the goals of both the employee and the employer; flex hours would help the employee by tension free and work according to his/her timings producing quality work which is what the employer wants from the